What is the correct legal standard under which a police officer may stop a motor vehicle in New York state for a traffic violation? While that is a straightforward question, the answer remains elusive based on several decisions from the New York Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Forty-three years ago, the New York Court of Appeals held, in People v. Ingle, 36 N.Y.2d 413, that a police officer may not stop an automobile for a traffic offense unless the officer reasonably suspects a violation of the Vehicle and Traffic Law.

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