The Internet has intensified the Court’s efforts to apply traditional minimum contact tenets to personal jurisdiction. Since International Shoe v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945), where the court extended the application of personal jurisdiction to any matter wherein a defendant has minimum contacts with the jurisdiction, so long as fair play and substantial justice are maintained. Consequently, personal jurisdiction may arise when Internet users intentionally avail themselves of access to Internet servers associated with specific jurisdictions. More specifically, Internet server information constitutes a basis for intentional availment and in turn Internet personal jurisdiction.

Internet transactions, including publishing, telecommunications, and broadcasting, may differ depending on their type and protocol configuration. However, each transaction requires Internet servers. These servers may be located both inside and outside the Internet users’ jurisdiction. When an Internet user is aware of intentionally using a server to facilitate an Internet transaction outside their jurisdiction, such awareness resulting in sufficient purposeful availment creates personal jurisdiction.