Fears of deportation following the Nov. 8 elections have made some immigrants vulnerable to exploitation by fraudsters and unauthorized immigration service providers who make false promises of being able to keep them in the country, government leaders and advocates say.

In the aftermath of President-elect Donald Trump’s victory, many law enforcement agencies across the country have reported spikes in hate crimes, but advocacy groups say that immigrants may also fall prey to members of their own communities who lie about credentials or falsely claim they have connections to help expedite approval processes.