By Stephen J. Schulhofer, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, N.Y. 199 pages, $21.99

For many Americans, including lawyers, the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution has at best secondary significance. As law-abiding citizens with mainstream political views, they see themselves as having nothing to hide. Such persons regard the amendment’s prohibition against “unreasonable searches and seizures” and its requirement of specificity in search and arrest warrants as no more than a shield for criminals, terrorists, fanatics and the like. In More Essential Than Ever, Professor Stephen J. Schulhofer of New York University Law School disagrees. His views give cause for concern.