Neither the Department of Homeland Security nor the nation’s immigration courts—both overwhelmed by exploding caseloads and inadequate resources—are ensuring fair decisions and due process for noncitizens, according to a top-to-bottom investigation of the system for removing illegal immigrants from the United States.

A pro bono team of 50 lawyers and legal assistants at Washington’s Arnold & Porter spent more than a year examining the removal adjudication system at the request of the American Bar Association’s Commission on Immigration.