Next week, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit will hear argument in two expedited cases challenging vaccine mandates, one imposed by New York state on health care workers and one by New York City on teachers. With the dispiriting resurgence of COVID-19 over the last several months, the federal government has moved to impose vaccine mandates broadly, and some states and localities have followed suit. Not surprisingly given the politicization of vaccine mandates, this has been met with fierce opposition by some, including lawsuits like the ones before the Court of Appeals next Thursday.