A California appeals court reviewing a $289 million Roundup verdict raised numerous questions about federal preemption but appeared hesitant to retain the $39 million in compensatory damages.

In arguments Tuesday, a panel of the First District Court of Appeal probed lawyers on whether federal preemption could apply to claims of both failure to warn and design defect, particularly in light of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2005 holding in Bates v. Dow Agrosciences.