State common law claims arising from fossil fuel companies' operations which harmed the environment were largely preempted by the Clean Air Act, which regulated the use of fossil fuels and emissions standards.

Merely combining natural gene sequences was insufficient to create a patentable invention.

Plaintiff failed to plead demand futility for derivative complaint where controller's ability to remove board members by itself could not establish a lack of independence and a majority of the board's financial ties did not prevent them from exercising independent judgment.

Court declined to dismiss breach of contract claim where the statute of frauds did not conclusively apply and where there were factual disputes over whether the work under the alleged contract fell within the scope of plaintiff's employment.

Receipt of notice of infringement only a day prior to the filing of the complaint was insufficient to charge defendant with pre-suit knowledge of the asserted patents.

Adversary proceeding asserting inverse condemnation claim failed where state government seized possession of facility necessary to prevent dangerous environmental contamination when owner ran out of funds to operate the facility.