Minority group members and women are underrepresented on New York’s state court bench, a recent survey has concluded.

The study by the American Constitution Society, “The Gavel Gap: Who Sits in Judgment on State Courts,” found that roughly 46 percent of New York state judges were women or minorities as of the end of 2014, compared with 72 percent of the state’s population. The state ranked 16th among the states for diversity.