In September, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in Smith v. Arizona, which requires the court to reconsider its precedents on the admissibility of forensic evidence under the Confrontation Clause. As numerous courts and commentators have observed, the court’s decisions, especially its 4-1-4 decision in Williams v. Illinois, 567 U.S. 50 (2012), have left the law muddled. Will Smith provide clarity?

In Williams, the court addressed a question that Justice Samuel Alito, for the plurality, put this way: does Crawford “bar[] an expert from expressing an opinion based on facts about a case that have been made known to the expert but about which the expert is not competent to testify?”