New York’s top court on Tuesday declined to overturn a slate of illegal gun possession convictions while answering a foundational question about the preservation doctrine as it relates to a landmark 2022 gun-rights decision by the U.S. Supreme Court’s conservative majority.

Among six appeals requests, the New York Court of Appeals held that defense lawyers failed to preserve arguments based on New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, the Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution’s Second Amendment provides a right to carry a handgun in public for self-protection.