A federal appellate panel on Wednesday upheld the constitutionality of a federal law prohibiting citizens from engaging in non-commercial, illicit sexual conduct after traveling to a foreign country.

In United States v. Bollinger, the three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit rejected a minister’s claim that the law was unconstitutional because it criminalized non-commercial activity and thus exceeded Congress’ authority to regulate commerce under the Foreign Commerce Clause.