As the fight over conflict minerals heats up again in court, companies on the sidelines are caught in limbo — with any legal lifeline potentially coming too late to offer much assistance.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit is likely to decide by May 26 whether to stay the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s conflict-minerals rule, which requires companies to disclose the origins of all gold, tin, tungsten and tantalum used in their products. Last month, the court found certain aspects of the rule violated the First Amendment.