Singer Mariah Carey’s 2019 ended with some controversy when a string of lewd messages were made on her official Twitter account on New Year’s Eve. Media reports have connected that incident to “The Chuckling Squad,” a group tied to the August hacking of Twitter co-founder and CEO Jack Dorsey’s Twitter account.

A California district attorney’s office is pursuing the Dorsey hacking according to a report, while Twitter said it was investigating the matter as well. But with hackers hard to pin down, when is it beneficial for a company or individual to bring civil action?