The rise of generative artificial intelligence might have a dark side that so far has received scant attention: It could exacerbate the already substantial gulf between economic regions of the U.S. that are thriving and those that are struggling and falling further and further behind.

That’s according to a new Brookings Institution report, which found that AI development is concentrated to a huge extent in a handful of regions of the U.S. The report says that, without government intervention, many other regions might be left on the sidelines and miss out on much of the economic benefit.