The entertainment industry hoped the counterfeiting of movies, music, software and books would plummet after China agreed in 2002 to abide by the World Trade Organization’s standards for global intellectual property rights.

Instead, the industry says piracy has increased dramatically, leading some American companies to view the Chinese government as unable — or unwilling — to curb it. And industry lobbyists are now helping the U.S. government prepare a case that could be brought against China in the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body.