WASHINGTON — In a dramatic ending before it recessed for the summer, the U.S. Supreme Court on Monday ruled, 5-4, that the city of New Haven, Conn., violated the civil rights of white and Hispanic firefighters when it tossed out the results of a promotion exam after no African-Americans had passed it.

The city argued it discarded the results because it feared that it would be sued by the African-American applicants for violating Title VII by relying on a test that had “disparate impact” on minorities.

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