Earlier this summer, OpenAI was hit with several lawsuits on privacy and copyright infringement grounds, alleging that the training material the company used to develop large language models was full of copyrighted works.

The lawsuits are expected to be the first of many, and OpenAI’s LLMs are unlikely to be the only ones facing legal challenges. In the weeks following the initial lawsuits against the ChatGPT provider, Google, Meta and Microsoft were also sued on similar grounds.