This is part of a series of articles on transactional contracts issues by Prof. Michael L. Bloom and students in the Transactional Lab at the University of Michigan Law School.

In contract negotiations, indemnification provisions can be contentious parts of an agreement. Quite commonly, an indemnity provision will include obligations to “indemnify and hold harmless” and oftentimes an obligation to “defend.” Some negotiating parties have expressed concern regarding agreeing to a “hold harmless” obligation for fear that it might expand the indemnity obligation. The short answer is “hold harmless” generally has been treated as having the same meaning and effect as “indemnify,” but that “defend” generally has been found to state a separate but related obligation to provide defense services against third-party lawsuits.

1. “Indemnify” and “hold harmless” typically have been treated as synonymous

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