In a ruling that will almost certainly renew debate over the 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals’ political leanings, the court on Monday ruled that seriously ill people with doctor recommendations are entitled to legally traffic in marijuana.

The ruling, if allowed to stand, would probably allow Northern California marijuana clubs to re-open. U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer last year ordered the clubs padlocked after the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit to shut them. The government argued that the Controlled Substances Act makes marijuana illegal in all but the rarest of circumstances.