In a mixed-bag judgment delivered on Thursday, Europe’s highest court gave its blessing to the mechanisms used by companies to transfer European personal data around the world but struck down a major data protection deal agreed between the U.S. and the EU just four years ago, known as the Privacy Shield.

The judgment handed down by the European Court of Justice – which brings a layer of finality to the long running wrangle between Facebook and Austrian activist Max Schrems – means that companies like Facebook can continue to lawfully transfer European customer data to other parts of the world.