The U.K. completed its withdrawal from the EU on 31 December 2020, when the transition period established under the U.K./EU withdrawal agreement came to an end. The two sides concluded a last minute Trade and Cooperation Agreement to govern their future trading and security relationship.

But to date there has been no agreement on civil justice matters, to replace the recast Brussels Regulation and the Lugano Convention which no longer apply in matters involving the U.K. unless proceedings were instituted before the end of the transition period.