The U.S. Supreme Court appeared closely divided Wednesday about whether Idaho’s near-total abortion ban violates a federal law requiring emergency stabilizing care, with no clear signal how the justices will rule in a case that could affect the criminal liability for doctors in states that restrict abortion.

In Moyle v. U.S., the justices are hearing the first challenge to a state abortion law since their 2022 decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned the right to an abortion. Unlike the Dobbs ruling, however, Moyle does not involve a constitutional challenge to the state law but rather a statutory one.