To the untrained eye, they often appear as scrubby derelict vagabonds, haunting the steps of administrative offices throughout the developing world. Yet, this unassuming guise belies their predatory importance as quasi-official intermediaries — serving as both roadblocks and essential intercessors. They are “touts,” and if your company has ever obtained official documents in West Africa, touts have likely paid cash to government officials on your behalf. And with or without your knowledge, touts may have caused your company to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Jointly enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice’s Crime Fraud Division and the Securities and Exchange Commission, the FCPA prohibits corrupt payments to foreign government officials, either directly or via third parties. The law also requires that standardized and defined accounting practices be maintained by companies listed on any U.S. exchange and by their majority-owned subsidiaries, regardless of whether they are based in the United States. The United Kingdom and other countries have recently followed suit by enacting their own anti-bribery statutes, yet the FCPA remains the pre-eminent anti-corruption law in terms of enforcement. In recent years, the number of FCPA prosecutions has skyrocketed, with penalties routinely exceeding $100 million and prison terms as long as seven years.

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