SAN FRANCISCO — As U.S. District Judge Thelton Henderson prepares to retire Friday, his colleagues across the Northern District of California can expect their own dockets to grow as his 125-plus remaining cases are farmed out.

Before Henderson’s routine cases hit the wheel for redistribution, he made sure there was a smooth handoff for what he calls his four “institutional” cases—long-running matters involving special education in East Palo Alto’s Ravenswood City School District, racial profiling by the Oakland Police Department, inadequate health care in California’s state prisons, and the monitor the judge installed to ensure PG&E Corp. implements changes as a result of it criminal conviction before him last year.