SAN FRANCISCO—An administrative law judge denied Google Inc.’s latest attempt to dismiss a complaint brought by the U.S. Department of Labor, in which Google is accused of failing to comply with an external audit of its employee compensation data.

The motion, filed under seal by Google on April 18, claimed that the Department of Labor’s Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs had already reached a conclusion about its investigation into Google’s compensation structure, and that, because of that conclusion, the agency has no right to ask for additional data. To prove that the OFCCP had already finished its conclusion, Google pointed to statements made by an OFCCP solicitor to the publication The Guardian. The company also alluded to the idea that the OFCCP is asking for additional data for a possible enforcement action at a later date, the judge wrote in his Tuesday order.