A federal judge has ruled that Philadelphia Traffic Court Judge Michael Lowry’s Fifth Amendment privilege against potential self-incrimination was not violated when he participated in an interview conducted by consultants reviewing the court’s operations.

Lowry had claimed that he felt compelled to cooperate with Chadwick Associates investigators out of fear of losing his job. William G. Chadwick’s group was retained by the First Judicial District to perform a non-criminal investigation into the inner workings of the traffic court system, including the activities of judges.