Two senior federal judges in Philadelphia and one in New Jersey give Black and Hispanic defendants double the sentences they impose on white defendants, according to a new study.

The report by the Institute for the Quantitative Study of Inclusion, Diversity and Equity is sure to be unflattering to the judges identified as having the nation’s most extreme racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing: C. Darnell Jones II and Timothy Savage of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and Stanley Chesler of the District of New Jersey.