In a case in which a suspect who consented to a vehicle search was then made to wait 40 minutes until a K-9 Unit arrived to conduct a sniff search, a deeply split Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the scope of a motorist’s consent is governed by “what a reasonable person would have understood by the exchange that occurred between the officer and the suspect.”

In Commonwealth v. Valdivia, the justices ruled 4-3 to reverse a unanimous Superior Court decision upholding a Centre County trial judge’s denial of defendant Randy Valdivia’s motion to suppress all evidence seized from his vehicle during the traffic stop.