A device used by the New York City Police Department in 2014 essentially as a “sound cannon” to curb protesters was a use of force on par with potentially harmful weapons like stun grenades, a federal judge ruled.

In what is believed to be the first written judicial decision on the use of a long-range acoustic device (LRAD), Southern District Judge Robert Sweet rejected New York City’s argument that sound “is not a substance but a phenomenon” and said the use of the device as a projector of powerfully amplified sounds is “no different” from distraction devices like flash-bang and concussion grenades.