Interoperability refers to the ability of electronic devices to work together and to communicate with each other as necessary. In order to facilitate seamless interoperability, standards development organizations (SDOs) publish technical requirements, and if manufacturers comply with these requirements, their devices will be able to communicate with and operate in conjunction with other devices and systems.

One well-known SDO is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). The IEEE publishes the Wi-Fi standard, which is also referred to as the 802.11 standard. When a computer, such as a laptop is compliant with the 802.11 standard, it will be able to establish a connection with an 802.11 compliant router. Additionally, data formatting, prioritization, error handling and flow control will all proceed seamlessly.