The federal criminal forfeiture statute requires the forfeiture of gross receipts and not just profits from a defendant’s scheme, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled Wednesday.

A two-judge panel said the punitive intention of the statute, 18 U.S.C. §982(a)(2), was best met by including all the money flowing to a defendant and not just profits, which the court said are often difficult to calculate.