The New York legislature responded vigorously to the United States Supreme Court’s overturning of the Sullivan Act, by strengthening its traditionally tight control over carrying concealed firearms in public places.

The 2022 Control Carry Improvement Act (CCIA), enacted on the heels of New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, introduced a more exacting standard of license eligibility, a more probing background check with instant results and monthly updates, a near-comprehensive ban on carrying concealed weapons in public and private gathering places, and “a robust appeals process to ensure the system is administered consistently and fairly across the State.”