The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit heard arguments on Wednesday in six cases challenging state laws that deny legal recognition to same-sex couples.

The court began the argument over Michigan’s constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage. Judge Jeffrey Sutton, appointed by President George W. Bush, questioned the state’s justification for the ban, noting that although marriage was historically tied to procreation, “modern conceptions of marriage are more about love, affection and commitment.”