Plaintiffs’ lawyers in proposed class actions cannot avoid federal courts by promising to seek less than $5 million in damages, according to a unanimous U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday.

"Our reason is a simple one," wrote Justice Stephen Breyer in Standard Fire Insurance v. Knowles. "Stipulations must be binding." A plaintiff who files a proposed class action, he added, "cannot legally bind members of the proposed class before the class is certified."