There are dueling economists and congressional leaders, a raft of religious and anti-abortion groups, conservative and liberal public interest law firms, doctors, nurses, and even a solo lawyer with a new constitutional theory.

The health care challenges in the U.S. Supreme Court have drawn 132 amicus briefs in the three cases granted review on four distinct issues: Department of Health and Human Services v. Florida; Florida v. HHS and National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. If the three are counted as one major case, the number of amicus briefs easily surpasses the record 107 briefs in the 2003 Michigan affirmative-action decisions Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger.