No matter how one measures it — the number of suits filed, lawyers involved, pages of briefs, hours of oral argument, dollars at stake — the legal challenges to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s greenhouse-gas rules are about as big as they come.

To business groups, the EPA’s efforts to regulate emissions of six greenhouse gases are nothing short of “the most significant and far-reaching regulatory program ever devised by a federal agency,” according to court papers. The groups call the rules an abuse of discretion, undertaken without regard for costs or benefits.