As the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office begins implementing what some describe as the biggest change to intellectual property law in 175 years, Director David Kappos stands at the helm, guiding the agency through the massive transformation.

“I was marveling to myself this morning, ‘Oh my God, we have so many balls in the air right now,’ ” he said in a lengthy interview. “This law is a fundamental change in the way we think about writing a patent. It gives us the world’s first and only 21st century patent system. It’s pretty cool — and now we get to implement it. We’re right where we want to be.”