Examining one of the Federal Trade Commission’s most important enforcement tools—seizing ill-gotten gains—the U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday weighed limiting a 50-year-old, court-sanctioned power against encouraging an agency to test its boundaries.

The justices questioned advocates for the agency and a private businessman about the limits of their arguments in the case AMG Capital Management v. FTC. In the case, a court had awarded the agency a permanent injunction and ordered $1.2 billion in restitution and disgorgement from businessman and race car driver Scott Tucker and $27 million from his wife for a large-scale deceptive payday loan scheme.