The single-director structure of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, limiting the president’s power to remove the director “at will,”  violates the Constitution’s separation of powers, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Monday.

Chief Justice John Roberts Jr., writing for the 5-4 majority, said an agency run by a single director “lacks a foundation in historical practice and clashes with constitutional structure by concentrating power in a unilateral actor insulated from presidential control.”