When it comes to e-discovery in 2016, the jury has ruled: It was the year of uniformity in how the courts addressed e-discovery. And the stars of the proceedings were none other than the 2015 amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP).

So found Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher’s 2016 Year-End E-Discovery Update , an annual report by the firm’s lawyers on the state of e-discovery as it plays out procedurally in the courts, as well as technologically among industry vendors. Among the trends identified as defining the year were an increased application of the 2015 amendments, particularly as applied to proportionality and sanctions; a quickly-consolidating vendor market; and courts addressing counsel behavior when handling electronically-stored information.