A new report published in August by the Center for Data Innovation found that while the U.S. was still leading the worldwide race in AI innovation, China could be close behind. This is in large part, it found, because of easier access to the data sets needed to train AI models and an influx of venture capital and private equity funding that already places it ahead of the European Union.

But U.S. companies also have to contend with the stringent legal framework around patents for AI software, which in some cases can make it difficult for companies or inventors to obtain protection against infringement.