In the wake of new reforms at national, regional and supranational levels, the shipping industry must navigate the rapids of a fast-changing, ever-tougher environmental framework. Protection against pollution is becoming increasingly robust, and penalties for breach increasingly severe.

Norway’s shipping sector is an economic powerhouse; it is the country’s biggest service exporter and the Norwegian fleet is one of the largest in the world. But with some 21,347 kilometres of rugged coastline – a distance that would span halfway around the Equator – Norway is particularly vulnerable to pollution from tankers and cargo ships that plough through its seas each year.