For Mary Elcano, change has been the norm. Soon after coming on board as general counsel and corporate secretary at the American Red Cross in 2003, Elcano became heavily involved in restructuring the entire organization. “If you were to ask me in the 10 years in January I’d been with the Red Cross what the most consistent activity has been, it’s been massive change,” she said.

The organization, with $3 billion in revenues, was plagued with disagreements over management, particularly at its 700 chapters, and concerns from donors about how their money was being spent.