So-called no-injury class actions, in which class members can’t show a clear-cut harm, primarily line the pockets of plaintiffs lawyers, according to a recent empirical study. As you’d expect, plaintiffs lawyers and defense lawyers have very different reactions to the study’s findings.

The report, authored by Emory University School of Law professor Joanna Shepherd, aimed to find out if no-injury class action lawsuits are achieving the goal of compensating class members. Shepherd and a team of researchers combed through thousands of cases and, using certain criteria, identified a sample of 432 no-injury class actions resolved between 2005-15.