When she was 15, Constance Baker Motley was turned away from a public beach because she was black. It was only then — even though her mother was active in the NAACP — that the teenager really became interested in civil rights.

She went to law school and found herself fighting racism in landmark segregation cases, including Brown v. Board of Education, the Central High School case in Arkansas and the case that let James Meredith enroll at the University of Mississippi.