In the U.S., legal departments frequently amend invoices
submitted by their outside counsel and other vendors. Through the use of a business rules engine, systems can automatically make line item adjustments based on agreed-upon fee agreements, including negotiated discounts and alternative fee arrangements, says Mark Poag, GC of Datacert.

A system can also be created to conform to practices in other countries. Billing in Europe, for example, is governed by an EU Directive on value-added tax (VAT) requirement which in effect says an invoice can’t be modified after it is sent to the client. It is also partially driven by a cultural difference. “In Europe, the culture of the client/law firm relationship doesn’t typically support a client making adjustments–also known as ‘short paying’–to an invoice, especially without first discussing disputed items with its law firm,” says Poag.