OPINION & ORDER Alfredo Cianfano (“Plaintiff”) brings this pro se Action, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983, against the Village of Tuckahoe, the Tuckahoe Police Department, and Tuckahoe police officers John Costanzo, Ray Stabile, David Banks, and Francisco Valencia (collectively, “Defendants”), alleging various violations of his rights under federal and state law. Before the Court is Defendants’ Motion To Dismiss (the “Motion”) pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). (Not. of Mot. (Dkt. No. 12).) For the reasons discussed below, the Motion is granted. I. Background A. Factual History The following facts are drawn principally from Plaintiff’s Complaint. (Compl. (Dkt. No. 4-1).) Because the Complaint is somewhat light on factual detail, additional facts are drawn from letters filed by Plaintiff with the Court. See Alsaifullah v. Furco, No. 12-CV-2907, 2013 WL 3972514, at *4 n.3 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 2, 2013) (“[W]here a pro se plaintiff is faced with a motion to dismiss, a court may consider materials outside the complaint to the extent that they are consistent with the allegations in the complaint.” (citation and quotation marks omitted)). The facts alleged are taken as true for the purpose of resolving the instant Motion. On September 22, 2014, Plaintiff was struck by a car in Tuckahoe, New York. (Compl. 8.) The vehicle was operated by Elvis Ramirez (“Ramirez”), a deliveryperson for Angelina’s Restaurant (“Angelina’s”). (Id.
8-9.) The accident occurred “at 8:45pm,” while “Ramirez was still working that evening,” just “a few feet away from the front entrance of Angelina’s.” (Nov. 20, 2018 Letter from Alfredo Cianfano to Court (“Pl.’s First Letter”) 1-2 (Dkt. No. 15).)1 Plaintiff commenced an action in New York Supreme Court, County of Bronx, against Angelina’s and Ramirez to recover for personal injuries from the accident. (Compl. 11.) On December 1, 2017, that action was dismissed (the “State Court Opinion”) following the defendants’ post-discovery motion for summary judgment. (Id.; see also Decl. of Michael A. Czolacz, Esq. in Supp. of Mot. (“Defs.’ Decl.”) Ex. C (State Court Opinion) (Dkt. No. 13).) Plaintiff appealed, and the decision was affirmed by the Appellate Department. (See Defs.’ Decl. Ex. D (decision affirming State Court Opinion).) Plaintiff now brings suit against Defendants — the Village of Tuckahoe, the Tuckahoe Police Department, and four of its police officers. (Compl.
