Slashing a jury’s punitive award of $500,000 down to $270,000, a federal judge has ruled that the constitutional maximum for punitive awards is ordinarily no more than nine times the compensatory award — even in cases where the defendant is a repeat violator.

In his 22-page opinion in Dixon-Rollins v. TransUnion , U.S. District Judge Timothy J. Savage was harshly critical of the credit reporting agency, noting that it has repeatedly violated the Fair Credit Reporting Act by failing to investigate complaints of wrong information on credit reports.