If federal appeals court Judge Raymond Kethledge were chosen to fill Justice Anthony Kennedy’s seat on the Supreme Court, his thoughts on the “Chevron doctrine”—how much weight judges should give to federal agencies—are likely to fall under the spotlight.

Kethledge, a President George W. Bush appointee to the Cincinnati-based U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, took aim at so-called Chevron deference. Under this doctrine, courts are required to defer to “reasonable” agency interpretations of statutes that are ambiguous.